Saturday, November 16, 2019
Insider Trading Essay Example for Free
Insider Trading Essay Our era aptly has been styled, and well may be remembered as, the age of information. Francis Bacon recognized nearly 400 years ago that knowledge is power, (Nickels ,McHugh 2011) â€Å"Insider trading is an unethical activity in which insiders use private company information to further their own fortunes or those of their families or friends†. Pg.101 Insider trading is a term that includes both legal and illegal conduct. The legal version is when corporate insidersâ€â€officers, directors, and employeesâ€â€buy and sell stock in their own companies. Illegal insider trading refers generally to buying or selling a security, in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the security. (Agnello Donnelley 1975) Stated if every member of a community has unlimited access to the resources of the community, then the communitys resources soon will be used up unless they happen to be available in infinite supply. The system of private ownership of assets, by contrast, effectively can use the price system to ration the assets in such a way as to preserve them properly and to benefit all members of the community. pg. 521 The Insider Trading Debate Arthur Levitt stated in 1998 that more Americans were investing in the stock market than ever before and Americans had almost twice as much money invested in the stock market as in commercial banks. The illegal version of insider trading most of us think of; is the type of insider trading that achieved wide-spread in the 1980’s with the SECs civil cases and the United States Department of Justices criminal cases against Michael Milken and Ivan Boesky which inspired even Hollywoods imagination with the movie Wall Street. It is the trading that takes place when those privileged with confidential information about important events use the special advantage of that knowledge to reap profits or avoid losses on the stock market, to the detriment of the source of the information and to the typical investors who buy or sell their stock without the advantage of inside information. According to ( Manne 1966) â€Å"Some argue that insider trading is a legitimate form of compensation for corporate employees, permitting lower salaries that, in turn, benefit shareholders. It provides an incentive to innovation, some argue, by promising huge rewards for developing a plan or product that will lead to a precipitous rise in the stock†. (Easterbrook 1985). Found that â€Å"Members of the legal community denounce the practice of insider trading. They view insider trading as an unethical abuse of power by corporate officers and directors. people who have invested resources to develop their human capital to better assimilate information, or corporate officers and directors are always going to have superior access to information†. The case of USA vs Raj Rajaratnam An excellent example referring to insider trading would be the Raj Rajaratnam incident. (Belczyk U.S. Attorney’s Office 2011). A federal jury in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York found that Galleon Group hedge fund founder Raj Rajaratnam orchestrated the largest hedge fund insider trading case in US history and convicted Rajaratnam on all 14 counts of insider trading including; five counts of conspiracy to commit securities fraud and nine counts of committing securities fraud from 2003 to March 2009. In just over 18th months, this office has charged 47 individuals with insider trading crimes; Rajaratnam is the 35 person to be convicted. On Oct. 2011 Rajaratnam was sentenced to 11 years in prison In addition to his prison term, Rajaratnam was sentenced to two years of supervised release and ordered to pay forfeiture in the amount of $53,816,434 and a $10 million fine. RAJARATNAM will surrender to authorities on November 28, 2011. (Richey 2011) On Janu ary 20, 2011 Danielle Chiesi was arrested in 2009 along with Galleon Group hedge fund founder Raj Rajaratnam. After pleading guilty in connection with the case and was accused of communicating non-public information about IBM Corporation, Advanced Microdevices (AMD) and Sun Microsystems (now Sun-Oracle) in 2008 and 2009 to her superiors at New Castle Funds LLC, a Manhattan-based investment advisory company formerly part of Bear Stearns. Danielle was accused of using the information to reap more than $4 million in illegal profits for New Castle. Danielle Chiesi admitted to exploiting her access to valuable non-public information to reap $1.7 million in illegal gains. By sharing and conspiring to trade on inside information, Chiesi compromised the companies she sold out and distorted the market for their stocks. (Richey 2011) Former IBM senior vice president Robert Moffat was sentenced to six months in prison in September and ordered him to pay a $50,000 fine for his role in the scheme after pleading guilty in March 2010. Former Intel Capital executive Rajiv Goel pleaded guilty to insider trading charges in February 2010. Rajaratnam, Chiesi, Goel and Moffat were arrested in October 19, 2009 and charged along with two other individuals and two business entities with insider trading. The complaint alleged that the individuals provided Galleon Group and another hedge fund with material nonpublic information about several corporations upon which the funds traded, generating $25 million in illicit gain. References Agnello Donnelley, Property Rights and EJjiciency in the Oyster Industry, 18 J.L. ECON. (1975) pg. 521 Easterbrook, Insider Trading as an Agency Problem, in PRINCIPALS AND AGENTS: THE STRUCTURE OF BUSINESS (Pratt Zeckhauser eds. 1985). Pg. 330 Henry B. Manne, Insider Trading and the Stock Market (1966) (insider trading increases market efficiency because it produces desirable incentives on corporate managers). Retrieved from: http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/speecharchive/1966speech.shtml Jaclyn Belczyk U.S. ATTORNEYS OFFICE(2011) May 11, 2011. Retrieved from: http://jurist.org/paperchase/2011/05/us-hedge-fund-founder-convicted-of-insider-trading.php Jurist Legal News Research (2011): Jaclyn Belczyk, Daniel Richey Retrieved from: http://jurist.org Testimony of Arthur Levitt Concerning Appropriation for Fiscal Year 1999; March 19, 1998 Before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary of the Senate Committee Appropriations. Retrieved from: http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/speecharchive/1998/spch221.htm Understanding Business Nickels, McHugh, McHugh pg. 101 United States Attorney Southern District of New York (2011), U.S. ATTORNEYS OFFICE ELLEN DAVIS, CARLY SULLIVAN,JERIKA RICHARDSON,EDELI RIVERAPUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE: Retrieved from: http://www.justice.gov/usao/nys/pressreleases/May11/rajaratnamrajverdictpr.pd
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Exploring Sexuality in Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays
Exploring Sexuality in Taming of the Shrew                                Human sexuality underlies many of the happenings of "Taming of the Shrew." It affects the conflicts, theme, and resolution of the play. It becomes evident throughout the play that sexual behavior denotes whether a character is thought of as good or evil (not necessarily good evil as meant in conventional terms, but rather as a "nice" character versus a "waspish" or "mean' character).       In the beginning of the play, there is an obvious conflict between Kate and her sister, Bianca. This conflict stems from the fact that their father favors Bianca, as well as the fact that Bianca has many suitors, while Kate has none. Kate's father, Baptista, tries to persuade some of Bianca's suitors to pursue Kate instead. However, they make it clear that none of them could desire Kate. "Mates, maid? How mean you that? No mates for you unless you were of a gentler, milder, mold" (I,i, lines 58 - 60). From this it is clear that the men in the play prefer a better "mold" than Kate, in other words, she does not carry herself as well as Bianca. Kate does not play the coy flirting games, and is therefore thought of as harsher than Bianca.       Bianca, however, knows how to be flirtatious, witty, and coy around her admirers, and yet is almost intentionally mean to Kate. For instance, Bianca knows that it hurts Kate to have no suitors while she (Bianca) has several. Bianca uses this to hurt Kate. When Kate tries to find out which suitor Bianca really likes, Bianca swears that she won't take the suitor that Kate likes. She casually offers Kate whichever suitor she wants. Kate is enraged by this because she knows that the only reason that Bianca has suitors while she has none is because Bianca plays the sexual flirtation game.       When Kate gets a suitor of her own, Petruchio, there is a lot of sexual tension in their relationship. At their first meeting, they exchange a barrage of sexual comments:           Petruchio: Why, what's a movable?            Kate:  A joint stool            Petruchio: Thou hast hit it; come sit on me.            Kate: Asses are made to bear and so are you.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Social Work: Components of Working in the Substance Abuse Field
1) The critical components of professional practice while working in the substance abuse field: I. Engagement: – This process continues throughout all of the stages, or components. Engagement involves building rapport with the client but because people with substance abuse problems are often scared, emotional, defensive and unable to trust this can be difficult. Preparing prior to the initial interview is very important as well as limiting any interruptions while meeting with your client. II. Assessment: Assessment of a person with a possible substance abuse problem can be very complicated. First step is to find out if the client is suffering from substance abuse or substance dependency. The various dimensions of an assessment are biological, psychological and social. – The biological assessment can be done by reviewing their medical history and current health and can provide clues to any medical treatment needed. – The psychological dimension involves reviewing the clients mental health history to determine if there may be any underlying mental disorder.Questions about anxiety levels, depression, unresolved trauma or grief are asked then shifts to the reasons for starting, stopping and continuing the behavior. – The social dimension involves engaging the client in review the various people in their life: family, friends, co-workers and other social networks. Who supports them, where is there tension and stress, what relationships have been affected by the behavior, etc†¦ – Strength based assessments focuses on what the client wants in their life and tends to me more motivating.Exploring the strengths in addition to the negative provides a better balance and is respectful. – Once the assessment has been made, the next step is to develop an intervention plan that is unique to the situation and the client. III. Intervention: Interventions focus on work at many different systems levels, from individuals and families t o organizations and communities. In addition, include inpatient detoxification to help with the initial withdrawal and pre-existing medical problems. There is behavioral approach that involves changing behavior by using positive and negative reinforcement.Family interventions, which help to identify relationships and communications that encourage or excuse substance abuse behavior. There are also options to join self-help groups or group therapy, which focus on the why's. In some cases medication may need to be prescribed or moving to a therapeutic community is necessary. The social worker decides which approach to take or what strategy to use and client based on what the client needs, their culture, and specific goals. 2) Most older adults want to maintain independence as long as possible; how has this led to the development of a continuum of care for older people? The continuum of care is based on the principle of least restrictive which involves helping the older adult remain in their own home for as long as possible. Some of the services apart of the continuum that are least restrictive include monitoring services like life alert, homemaker services that involve someone assisting around the house (cleaning, laundry, shopping, or personal care such as, bathing and dressing etc) or even in home health care. 3) Social workers involved in low enforcement†¦Social workers are involved in cases regarding traffic accidents and fatalities, child abuse, suicide, alcohol and substance abuse, mental health emergencies and family disputes. Social workers provide crisis intervention, brief individual or family counseling, referrals, victim assistance as well as community crime prevention efforts. Home visits, crime scene crisis work, and increasingly involved in crime prevention work in the community by leading action efforts related to the development of youth services, drug courts and even in the reform of mental commitment laws.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Perl programming language Essay
Perl is a high level programming language as it is designed to take care of the various problems of the business users. It facilitates programming for a wide range of tasks such as system administration, web development, network programming, excellent support for text processing, collection of third party modules and Graphical User Interface development. The most special feature of this language is that it can enable one to adopt multiple programming and design paradigms such as procedural, object oriented and functional styles. This allows one to take any shape when it comes to serving a larger domain of programmers with varied objectives. Perl programming language also facilitates reference counting memory management schemes which help the garbage collection algorithms to dereference the unused objects in the memory (Sheppard, 2000). One of the biggest ability of Perl as a programming language is that it can facilitate the use of databases and efficient use of SQL language. Its database drivers which are implemented as third party modules can access up to 50 databases. Perl optimizes jobs for performance and makes sure that it is tuned for performance using the inline codes of ‘C’ and ‘Assembler’. The interpreted nature makes it possible to insert inline modules of other languages thus also making the programming language slower in performance. Perl is also used in writing CGI scripts which facilitated web programming to a large extent. Major website’s like amazon. com, bbc. com and many others use Perl almost extensively. Perl is termed as a glue language as it happens to interface successfully with systems and various interfaces for data transfer and use.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Dissertation Proposal
Dissertation Proposal Dissertation Proposal Dissertation Proposal WritingMany students consider creating a dissertation proposal the most difficult part of dissertation writing. Indeed, students are assigned to create a project of their own, but not many of them had an experience of developing a research with a guidance of a faculty member. To create a proposal you should understand the issue, find, read and analyze the relevant literature. It is important to develop your own standpoint about the problem and present it to the reader. A dissertation proposal is a part of your formal application, and your obtaining a research degree may depend on it. Creating a proposal is the very beginning of your work, so try to do your best while developing it. A standard dissertation proposal consists of the following parts.Dissertation Proposal PartsTopic and title. As you know, the choice of topic is very important. Your topic should be original and innovative. Do not try to cover a big issue in your dissertation, remember that the narr ower your topic will be the better. Before you take the final decision on your topic, consult your supervisor. As for the title, it may change in the process of work. Research question. It should be a key question, which will demonstrate the nature of your research. If you fail to ask this question properly, you will not be able to conduct the research and arrive to meaningful conclusion of your dissertation. Preliminary literature review. This review is a kind of essay, which should be relevant to your topic. It is a small version of your literature review that will be found in your dissertation, and it should comprise a starting point for your further development. Proposed methodology. In this part present your idea of in what way you are going to collect the evidence for your dissertation, how you are planning to analyze it. Usually it is the easiest part of a dissertation proposal, and it is not very difficult to write it as methods follow from the topic and the rese arch question.Provisional schedule. Create a plan of your future work, including the interim deadlines, tied to the calendar.Final Tip on Dissertation ProposalTo make sure that your dissertation proposal meets the general requirements, try to look through a dissertation proposal sample. You may ask your friends for a dissertation proposal sample or find it in the web. If you like the topic of your dissertation, proposal will become a very interesting piece of writing.
Monday, November 4, 2019
Academic Writing
The genre that will be discussed in this essay is the book review. Although book reviews may not seem as important as other genres of academic writing, it is actually often in college assignments and appears a lot in professional writing as well (Magazines, Newspapers). Book reviews are a very evaluative genre and requires one to effectively ask oneself questions about the subject of matter. Compared to other genres, a book review asks for ones viewpoint and opinion, requires an evaluative summary of the book and its characters and uses a thorough yet easy to follow analysis for the audience.For this subject, I have interviewed Tina Nigerian, a student at Rice university, about book reviews. When asked about why book reviews are considered as a genre of academic writing, Nigerian expressed how important it was, saying, The writer of the book review is synthesizing vast amounts of information to make a point, or points (Nigerian). The writer gains knowledge through writing book reviews by learning how to ideally and effectively express and persuade their viewpoint. Although book reviews may be mistaken as similar to book reports, it is actually not identical.Book ports focus mainly on discussing the plot, characters and main ideas of the work, while book reviews give a sneak peek about the book and criticism on whether they enjoyed it or not (Welcome). Book reviews contain brief descriptions of key points and explanations about the strengths and weaknesses of the work. Nigerian warns writers about writing book reviews. Trust your judgment, use evidence, and write elegantly, but not snobbishly, she said (Nigerian). As a writer, it is important to write fair and include reasoning. Writing arrogantly as to critique another work demeans your character and intellect. Although it is important to state your own opinion and viewpoint in book reviews, you must also include facts and credible resources. Nigerian stressed that the most important thing to include in your book review is quotes, because they serve as evidence. Without them, you dont sound that credible (Nigerian). The last thing you want as a writer is for your audience to lose their trust in you. You write not only for the benefit of expressing yourself but also for the benefit of the audience.The audience wants the most cohesive yet trustworthy and evaluative book review to read. The processes of writing a book review is also vital, and even before that, you must prep information in order to write it. Before you began reading for your book review, you must ask yourself questions about the author, title, genre, cover, introduction, and table of contents. Not only put into mind the key points of the book, but also to the little details about your book. Who is this author, has he/she won any awards, are good questions to ask in providing background information about the author (Welcome).Note that book reviews are usually 500-700 words, and you should thoroughly investigate your book in order for your audience to understand and familiarize with it better (Welcome). The cover is also as important; be sure to utilize whether the cover of the book has caught your attention or provide you with any little details before reading the book. Although people shouldnt judge a book by its cover, in reality, most do. A cover is a mini-review of the book, so it is important to list it and make good observations. As for the table Of contents, how is the book arranged?By sections Or chapters? You never know if your audience may have questions like these, and thus further proves hat the ability to ask yourself questions is essential. Now time to discuss what you need to do as you read the book. While reading the book, make sure to mentally discuss the characters, themes, argument, key ideas, and quotes. Do you empathic with the characters? Did the author cover the subject/purpose/argument adequately? Dont feel obligated to answer each question as some questions may be more important than the other.This process will help provide you critical thinking before you actually begin writing. Its important in developing an argument about the work and also to help you write an organized and well-supported draft. Take notes; its similar to brainstorming. This will help you just in case you get writers block when writing your review. Once you are ready to write, the first thing to do when beginning a book review is to establish the background and remember your audience (Welcome). You must always keep in mind that your audience havent read the book yet, and thus doesnt have as much knowledge as you do about the book.Also dont include too much about the book. A good rule to follow is to limit your self only to a few chapters, and if its nonfiction, provide a basis of the authors argument. In a book review by Nanette Carnelians, a student at he University of Nebraska at Omaha, she explains why the purpose of her book was well-written and also a few minor mistakes that she has caught up. Here is an excerpt below: Aviation History delivers an entertaining account and perspective on international aviation history.This book is an excellent resource to students, educators, and aviation enthusiasts. In reviewing this book, the principal criteria included content, organization, and reference sources. While editing errors and organizational incongruities plague some of the latter chapters, many of the shortcomings of this first edition will likely be alleviated by later editions (Carnelians). Looking at her excerpt, you can see that at the beginning of her book review, she has provided a thorough, yet short explanation of her book.Upon her thesis, she has stated her position that although the book has errors and mistakes, it is a remarkable book that can be used by teachers, students and other organizations. Carnelians book review is a good sample to look at because she states her opinion with facts smoothly, making her review credible. She also makes sure to keep her audience at hand, by stating to whom the book will most likely be read by. After establishing the background, organize your review by leaving plenty of space to analyze, not just to inform.The purpose of your review is to make an argument, a point about whether or knotty liked the book. Remember commentary over summary (College). Choose a few points about the book to talk about and organize it by that. You can organize your paragraphs by themes, motives, other ides of the book. At the end of your book review, its useful to include the publisher and price for the audience (Welcome). In conclusion, book reviews are an essential and important part of academic writing. It is not only useful to the audience but also to your self.As quoted by Nigerian, They help make meaning of what people read or will read. They add to discussion within literature, which is vital. Merely reading books isnt enough. Thinking and writing about them is important (Nigerian). Book reviews challenges your skill to ask important and useful questions. The experience of writing book reviews will expand and enhance your insight on books and also take note of your audience. It gives you so many factors into consideration when writing a book review, therefore is a challenging experience in your education.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2
Strategy - Essay Example But the need to look attractive has never decreased. Hence, a good demand exists for the alternatives that are cheaper and equally attractive. The Industry: Jewelry industry is a very developed enterprise in the world. Scores of world famous brands of Gold, Platinum and Diamond are popular in New York and other big cities throughout the USA. The sales have however dropped a great deal in the recent times due to acute rise in the prices (Wallop, 2011). Jewelers have now developed a new breed of artificial jewelry that looks exactly like the original gold but costs way lesser than the original. An alloy with 82% by mass of pure copper, 11.5% zinc, 4.9% tin and small quantities of ammoniac salt and limestone shines exactly like gold with the same color. And once the alloy is obtained in ingots, the process of making jewelry from it is essentially the same as from original gold. Similarly, other alloys such as Mosaic Gold, Nuremberg Gold and French Gold all resemble original gold in appe arance and manufacturability without having traces of pure gold in them. The idea presented to Triangular Solutions is to market artificial jewelry made up of any of these alloys and decorated with semi-precious stones. We can observe that, apart from eye-catching appearance, designers’ brand names are what make the jewelry attractive. Hence, it is proposed that the jewelry must be marketed under a proper brand name. Market Size: Gold jewelry is equally popular among men and women in the country. From earrings, bracelets, bangles to crowns, a great variety of jewelry items exist that are in style among the women. Men’s variety includes bracelets, watches etc. Reports indicate that the gold sales have dropped by more than 50% in the past three years from 45 tons to about 15 tons per annum (Finch, 2009). Clearly, the reason for this drop is the rise in gold prices. Hence, if an alternative is given to the customer which is affordable and as good as the original gold, the n it is expected that the people will be attracted towards it in large numbers. Team Requirements: The team must have following members for successful execution of this business plan: Chief Executive Officer: His job will be to look after the overall operations of the business and coordinate between the teams. Jewelry Designer: His job will be to come up with new and attractive jewelry designs. Domain / Market Expert: His job will be to understand and explain market trends to the team Marketing Manager: He will be responsible for marketing and sales departments. Finance Manager: He will be responsible of the financial matters of the business Scalability of the Product: The business idea suggested here is reasonably scalable over a range of business volumes. The jewelry will be manufactured by individual workers without use of any sophisticated machine tools in general. The increase in the demand will be met easily by increasing the number of workers. Another feasible option will be to get the jewelry manufactured abroad in India or China where labor is comparatively cheap. This option can specially be considered if mass production is required to meet a very high demand. If however, the product does not gain expected popularity, the productions can simply be scaled down by decreasing the labor force. Financials: The price of gold in US markets is around $1500/oz. This amounts to around $10/carat. On the other hand, artificial gold alloys discussed above cost $0.15/carat on average. The major
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